What types of wires are there❓

What types of wires are there❓

Choosing the right power cable It may be a matter that is very far from the user. because of the selection of wires Most of them must be experts in choosing, but should have knowledge about how many types of wires are available. and how to use them properly and safely

What is the power cable, electric cable?

Electrical cables are devices that conduct electricity from a power source. to electrical equipment The wires consist of electrical conductors, which are made of metal that allows electricity to flow through them well. And there is little electrical resistance such as copper and electrical insulation used to shield the user from direct contact with the cable. and reduce the chance of causing electrical hazards as well

📍 What types of wires are there?

👉low voltage cable

- Power cables used with a voltage not exceeding 750 V (750V).

- The wires are made of copper. or aluminum But generally it's a copper cable.

- Small cables are single-conductor cables. and large cables are stranded conductors

- The insulation used will be PVC and XLPE.

🔹 Types of low voltage cables

1. THW type power cable

THW cables are low voltage cables. Can support voltage 750V as a single cable. It is widely used especially in industrial plants because it can be used in a 3-phase electrical circuit, which this type of wire Not suitable for walking directly into the ground. And when you want to walk, you need to fasten the cable with an insulator.

2. VAF type power cable

The VAF cable is a low voltage cable. It can withstand 300V voltage. Available in single wire, double wire and three wire type with ground wire included. where each cable is insulated and there is an insulating sheath on the outside. It is a type of wiring that is popular for walking in the general house. but cannot be used in a 3-phase electrical installation because it cannot support the voltage at 380V, unless it is installed separately as a 1-phase and uses a voltage of 220V

3. VCT type power cable

The VCT cable is a low voltage cable. Able to withstand voltage 750V, the cable is round, available in types 1,2 cores, 3 cores and 4 cores. and good resistance to vibration and is also a cable that can be grounded

4. NYY type power cable

NYY type power cable is a round type cable. That can withstand a voltage of 750V with both single-core and multi-core cables that are very popular. because it is a cable that has another layer of sheath So it can prevent physical damage as well. by this type of cable Able to walk underground

👉🏻High voltage wires

- It is a large stranded cable.

- This type of cable has both bare and insulated wires.

- Power cable can bear voltage from 1KV~36KV.

🔹 Types of high-voltage cables

1. Bare Stranded Aluminum (AAC) Electrical Cable

It is a cable that uses aluminum conductors stranded in layers. This type of cable can withstand low voltage. Therefore, the cable cannot be stretched to poles with a large distance, generally not more than 50 m, except for cables of 95 mm or more, may be stretched up to 100 m.

2. Aluminum Alloy Electrical Cable (AAAC)

It is a cable that combines conductors from various materials. Both aluminum, magnesium and silicon make them tough. and higher pressure The all-aluminum cable allows the cable to be stretched at greater distances. and good resistance to salt mist corrosion Therefore, it is commonly used for wiring in the seaside area.

3. Steel Core Aluminum Electrical Cable (ACSR)

It is a cable that uses a stranded aluminum body. and there is a steel cable in the middle making it able to withstand higher tensile strength This makes it possible to expand the distance between the poles for more stretching. but this type Not resistant to salt corrosion therefore should not be used at the seaside

4. Partial Insulated Cable (PIC)

It is a type of wire that is used instead of bare wires. Because bare wires are prone to short circuit easily. by this type of cable It consists of stranded aluminum conductors. and then sheathed with XLPE insulation, but although this cable is actually insulated But it's just an insulator that protects against short circuits only. Do not touch directly

5. Space Aerial Cable (SAC)

It is a wire with a stranded aluminum conductor. and XLPE insulated, like PIC cables, but with a different sheath. This makes it more durable than PIC cables, but even if sheathed another layer. It shouldn't be touched directly either. but this type can be placed closer together than the PIC cable

6. Preassembly Aerial Cable (PAC)

It is a fully insulated cable, similar in structure to XLPE cable with aluminum conductors. very durable It is a cable that can be placed close to each other. can walk through the building or areas where people live or can be placed across the corner of the building

7. Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) cable

It is the most popular cable used today. It is classified as a fully insulated cable with several components as follows:

- Conductor : mostly stranded copper This may be in the form of Copper Concentric Strand or Copper Compact Strand.

- Conductor shield: made of a semiconductor. This allows the electric field between the conductor and the insulator to be distributed evenly. Helps reduce breakdowns

- Insulation: It is a layer wrapped in another layer of water shield, made of XLPE insulation.

- Insulation Shield : It is a layer that covers another layer of insulation. and covered with a layer of copper wire or copper tape again to limit the electric field to within the cable Anti-interference And the shielding to ground reduces the danger of touching the cable. make the distribution of pressure evenly

- Outer sheath: generally covered with PVC or PE plastic depending on the nature of the work. In general, PVC is used outdoors, and PE is usually used for floating walks. because it is resistant to weather And if walking underground, there may be a layer of Service Tape, probably made of cloth. Between the shield and the outer shell Helps prevent friction and impact

📍 Electrical wiring

- Choose to hire a highly experienced electrical wiring technician or a technician who has been trained from electricity.

- Avoid having more power connections than necessary. If there is a connection, it must use the correct wiring device. stable and strong

- Electrical cables that pass through walls or come out of electrical equipment must be insulated. to prevent the insulation of the electric wire from being cut and damaged

- black insulated wires Used for power cables. light gray or white Used for unlit wires (zero wires) for green or alternating green-yellow. used for grounding

- Overcurrent protection devices such as fuses or circuit breakers. including the on-off switch Connect only to the insulated black wire (live wire) and do not connect the fuse in the non-powered wire (zero wire) when using a breaker or switch. In the center line must also be the type that cuts off the power or disconnects all wires at the same time (2 poles at the same time).

- In the case of the addition of some wiring and found that The original wiring throughout the house uses the color of the wires. interchangeably with all the same standards (Lines with lights use white The center line is black). If it cannot be refurbished, use the same system wiring throughout the house. But there must be a mark or documentation on the switchboard or main switch for electricians. And the homeowner knows every time there is an inspection.

- case of grounding If a single ground wire is used, it must be insulated in white, and if the circuit wire is routed in metal conduit, it must be grounded in the same conduit as the circuit wire. Do not walk outside the metal conduit.

- Single insulated single-wire cables such as THW cables. Wiring harnesses are not permitted.

- Mains cables that are less than 50 sq mm. should not be attached to the cable.

📍 Electrical wire inspection

- Check the wiring whether the color is used correctly according to the standard or not (Use a screwdriver to lure the light) If it's not correct in some areas, correct it. Switch new wires. If it's not correct throughout the building, there should be a mark or documentation on the switch panel or the main switch cabinet as well. to prevent misunderstandings later

- Check the connection points. The line must be tightened at least once a year.

- Observe the temperature of the line. by touching the insulating surface of the cable If you feel warm or hot, this is abnormal. This may be due to overuse of the cable size. or where the connection points are not tight, such as power plugs, sockets, switches, etc.

- Note the color of the sheath. If some of the wires are discolored, for example, the white turns dark or there is a lot of dust. Indicates that the temperature is higher than normal, there may be an overload of the power cable or the connection is not tight.

- The insulation of the electric cable must be free of cracks, no burn marks, damage, if found, the cause should be sought and the cause must be corrected and the cause must be corrected. Ready to change the new line

- Regularly inspect the condition of the electrical wires at least once a year by keeping a record of the inspection data every time.

- In case of using more electricity Should check the size of the electrical cable that is used or not. If the wire size is not enough, it must be replaced.

- Check the wires where they go through the ceiling or walls. There may be rats chewing on the shell of the cable causing a short circuit and causing a fire.

📍How to choose the right power cable

Choosing the right cable for the job is a matter that requires extreme caution. Usually trained technicians already have knowledge of wiring. But if the power cord is bought by someone who does not have the knowledge to buy it, errors may occur. Therefore, choosing the right electrical cable for your home is something you should know.

- Choose a power cord that has passed standards from the Thai Industrial Standards Institute or TIS, and for safety used in work should choose a standardized power cord and is recognized internationally as the best

- Must have knowledge and understanding that each wire works differently If you want to use the wires that use a hairpin to walk in the house, you need to choose the right type of wire. But if you want to use the wires that are used primarily in conduit I had to choose another one. But usually the technician will recommend it. Or will it be writing a specification and letting the owner of the house be the one to buy it? so as not to buy wrongly

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